β-Ti Alloys for Orthopedic and Dental Applications: A Review of Progress on Improvement of Properties through Surface Modification

Ti and alloys have charming comprehensive properties (high specific strength, strong corrosion resistance, excellent biocompatibility) that make them the ideal choice in orthopedic dental applications, especially particular fabrication of implants. However, these present some shortcomings, specifically elastic modulus, wear, corrosion, biological performance. Beta-titanium (β-Ti) been studied as low modulus toxic or non-toxic elements. The work summarizes improvements systematically (elastic hardness, wear antibacterial property, bone regeneration) for β-Ti via surface modification to address shortcomings. Additionally, shortcomings prospects research are put forward. potential regarding implants biomedical fields.